POL 214
revolution or reform

Content Objectives
Define and distinguish types of change--revolution, reform, revision, reaction
Scrutinize generalized beliefs (value-normative doctrines) justifying change
Identify agencies of change | stasis (movements, cults, parties, cabals, etc.)
Analyze theories of change--mechanistic, sociological, bureaucratic, charismatic, etc.
Compare units of political analysis as systems susceptible to production of intended effects
Assess feedback via example, personal communications, news publications, documentary accounts and histories, belles lettres, fine and popular arts

Possible Texts
Parker, Noel, Revolutions and History (Malden, MA: Blackwell/Polity, 1999).
DeFronzo, J., Revolution and Revolutionary Movements (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991).
Goldstone, Joel, (ed.), Revolutions:  Theoretical, Comparative, and Historical Studies (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986).
Goldstone, Joel, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1991).
Goldstone, Joel, Ted Robert Gurr, and F. Moshiri (eds.), Revolutions of the Late Twentieth Century (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991).
Greene, Thomas H., Comparative Revolutionary Movements:  Search for Theory and Justice (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974).

All political science courses are to teach and to test for hypothesis, definitions, scope, limits, methodology, presentation, conclusion, sources (including citation form) as elements of thinking and writing.

What do you want them to know? 

Intended and unintended change in public affairs.  Status quo | revisionist policies.  Role of publicity in fomenting or proclaiming or denying change.

What do you want them to do?   

Familiarize themselves with the assigned textbooks—their designs and contents.  Propaganda, rhetoric, communications.  Posters, samizdat, whispering campaigns.

Take clippings from newspapers of record (including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Newsweek, etc.) and use archives to build up files on reforms, rebellions, uprisings, coups, revolutions.  Use Foreign Affairs, Daedalus, American Scholar, and other quality periodicals.  E.g., American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Multiple Modernities, Daedalus, Vol. 129, No. 1 (Winter 2000).

For an assigned country, construct a multicolumn timeline depicting writing about systemic abuses and injustices; instances of riots, coups, hostile outbursts, protests, defiance, reforms, circumventions, revolutions; scholarly and academic studies of transformational changes.

Test assigned hypotheses in analytical projects using individual country for data.
Give name and ID number; specify course
Title (probably assigned)
Hypothesis (must be a declarative statement)
Definitions of Key Terms (what is key and what is subordinate will be discerned)
Scope
Limits
Methodology
Presentation
Comments
Conclusion
Sources (may use footnotes instead in brief paper)

What habits of mind are they to form?

Recognize aphorisms, clichés, and platitudes that merit testing in the light of the facts. Be alert to dissonances and mismatches.  Replace correlations that do not exist with those that do. Use statistics to expose stereotypes.

Be quick to see what is right as well as what is wrong.  Be willing to challenge one’s own preconceptions and ideas.

Distinguish “living within the lie” from “living within the truth.”

How will you know?

Covariations will be reported without attributing conspiracy or causality to facts observed.

Some references (general works, not specific instances)

Albrow, M., The Global Age:  State and Society Beyond Modernity (Malden, MA: Blackwell/Polity, 1996).
Arendt, Hannah, On Revolution (New York: Viking, 1965).
Armstrong, D., Revolution and the World Order:  The Revolutionary State in International Society (Oxford: Clarendon, 1993).
Aron, Raymond, in F. Draus (ed.), History, Truth, Liberty:  Selected Writings of Raymond Aron (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1985).
Aya, R., Rethinking Revolutions and Collective Violence:  Studies on Concept, Theory and Method (Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1990).
Baechler, J., Revolution (Oxford: Blackwell, 1975).
Boudon, Raymond, Theories of Social Change:  A Critical Appraisal (Cambridge: Polity, 1986).
Brinton, Crane, The Anatomy of Revolution (3^rd ed.: New York: Prentice-Hall, 1965).
Brogan, D. W., The Price of Revolution (New York: Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1951, 1966).
Bush, M., ed., Social Orders and Social Class:  Social Foundations of Popular Radicalism during the Industrial Revolution (London: Longman, 1992).
Calvert, P., Revolutions and International Politics (London: Pinter, 1996).
Camilleri, J, and Falk, J., The End of Sovereignty?  The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World (Aldershot: Edward Edgar, 1992).
Canovan, M., Nationalism and Political Theory (Cheltenham: Edward Edgar, 1996).
Chan, S., and A. Williams (eds.), Renegade States:  The Evolution of Revolutionary Foreign Policy (Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1994).
Cohn, Norman, The Pursuit of the Millennium (London: Heinemann, 1962).
Dunn, J., Modern Revolutions:  An Introduction to the Analysis of a Political Phenomenon (2^nd ed.; Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989).
Elster, J., The Cement of Society:  A Study of the Social Order (Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989).
Feieraband, I. K., R. L. Feierabend, T. R. Gurr (eds.), Anger, Violence and Politics:  Theories and Research (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972).
Foran, J. (ed.), Theorizing Revolution (New York: Routledge, 1997).
Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Penguin, 1992).
Fukuyama, Francis, Trust:  The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (Baltimore: Penguin, 1995).
Giddens, A., Modernity and Identity:  Self and Society in the Late Modern Age (Cambridge: Polity, 1993).
Glenny, M., The Revolt of History (London: Penguin, 1993).
Gurr, Ted Robert, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1970).
Hawthorne, G., Plausible Worlds:  Possibility and Understanding in History and the Social Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991).
Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1968).
Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996).
Johnson, Chalmers, Revolution and the Social System (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1964).
Johnson, Chalmers, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966).
Kimmel, M., Revolution: A Sociological Interpretation (Cambridge: Polity, 1990).
Krejci, J., Great Revolutions Compared:  The Search for a Theory (Brighton: Harvester, 1983).
Kumar, K., From Post-Industrial to Post-Modern Society:  New Theories of the Contemporary World (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996).
Kumar, K. (ed.), The Rise of Modern Society:  Aspects of the Social and Political Development of the West (Oxford: Blackwell, 1976).
Moore, Barrington, The Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship (London: Penguin, 1967).
Moore, Barrington, Injustice:  The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt (White Plains, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1978).
Oderberg, D. S., The Metaphysics of Identity over Time (London: St Martin’s Press, 1993).
Olson, Mancur, The Logic of Collective Action:  Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1965).
Phillips, A., The Politics of Presence (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995).
Polanyi, K., The Great Transformation:  The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Boston: Beacon Press, 1957).
Popper, Karl, The Poverty of Historicism, (2^nd ed.; London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957).
Rosecrance, R., The Rise of the Trading State:  Commerce and Conquest in the Modern World (New York: Basic Books, 1986).
Rosenberg, J., The Empire of Civil Society:  A Critique of the Realist Theory of International Relations (London: Verso, 1994).
Schrag, C. O., The Resources of Reason:  A Response to the Postmodern Challenge (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press, 1992).
Skocpol, T., Social Revolutions in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994).
Smelser, Neil J., Theory of Collective Behavior (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963).
Smith, A. D., Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity, 1995).
Talmon, J. L., The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (Baltimore: Penguin, 1986).
Tilly, Charles, From Mobilization to Revolution (London: Addison-Wesley, 1978).
Tilly, Charles, L. Tilly, and R. Tilly, The Rebellious Century:  1830-1930 (London: Dent, 1975).
Trimberger, Ellen Kay, Revolution from Above:  Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1978).
Urry, J., Reference Groups and the Theory of Revolution (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973).
Walker, R., Inside/Outside (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993).
Wallerstein, Immanuel, The Politics of the World Economy:  The States, the Movements and the Civilizations  (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1984).
Wertheim, W. F., Evolution and Revolution:  The Rising Waves of Emancipation (Baltimore: Penguin, 1974).