Annotated Bibliography:

Allen, David. “Security of Diebold machines must past a hacker test” The Mercury News,

29 November 2005. <http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/opinion/13281914.htm>

This article was found on the internet while I was searching for websites on new voter technology. This website came up when I searched for “Electronic Voting Machines.” The article was very useful for the project because it described some of the faults with the new voting machines.

Alioto, Michela. Information Technology and Voter Participation. 7 May 1998. League of Women Voters in California. 8 Nov. 2005 <www.smartvoter.org/1998jun/ ca/state/vote/alioto_m/paper2.html>.

I found this website through the search engine Google. I used the keywords "Technology for voter registration" in the keyword search box. This website came up towards the top of the long list I received. It is a website developed by a woman running for Secretary of State. She is trying to promote Internet voting registration in the State of California in order to get more people voting. This will work well in our research paper because she gives us some good points that we could use in our project. I believe she is a valid author because she is running for office. She wants her voters to believe in her and give them what they want to hear. This website is also sponsored by a voting group in California so I believe this is a very valid and resourceful website.

Altman, Micah, Klass, Gary M. “Current Research in Voting, Elections, and Technology” Social Science Computer Review 23(2005) Academic Search

Premier. EBSCO Host. Mortola Library, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York. Fall 2005 http://data.fas.harvard.edu/micah_altman/papers/altman_klass.pdf

I found this article by searching in the Academic Search Premier database using the search term “E-voting”, but the article did not appear in the database, so I did a search of the title on Google, and was able to find the article on Harvard’s website.

This article is a great source, in that the authors, both prestigious professors from Harvard and Binghamton, give examples from various sources of the effect e-voting could have on future elections. An interesting quote is the idea;” Independents, Democrats, and liberals were more likely to indicate that they would take advantage of the technology.” The article also cites that in the most recent, 2004 presidential election people did vote online in the Arizona Democratic Primary and Alaska’s Republican Party’s 84 official ballots cast by overseas citizens in the presidential general election. I also find it interesting how the authors leave questions at the end of the article that are very pertinent to our research assignment.

Alvarez, R. M., and Thad E. Hall. Point Click and Vote the Future of Internet Voting.

Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution P, 2004.

We read this book in English 120 during the Fall 2005 semester. This book is a great source for our papers on voter registration and voting technology. The book’s main focus is geared toward informing the reader about both the advantages and disadvantages of Internet voting, which correlates with our research assignment.

Alvarez, R. Michael, comp. Voter Registration: Past, Present and Future. 17 June 2005. Professor of Political Science, California Institute of Technology.

14 Sept. 2005. <http://www.american.edu/ia/cfer/0630test/alvarez.pdf>.

I discovered this adobe file after searching for “the future of voter registration” and reading the name “Caltech” appear frequently. From that point, I was able to search “Caltech and the future of voting” from a database on the website for MIT and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This article not only correlates directly to the topic that I am researching, but the author also has a list of credentials that prove noteworthy. R. Michael Alvarez is a Professor of Political Science at the California Institute of Technology. He has written numerous books and over 39 articles in “peer-reviewed academic journals”. He is also the Co-Director of the Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project which began after the presidential election was being contested in Florida in 2004. His paper contains information regarding balloting, HAVA, voting statistics, and reform. He covers almost every aspect of the topic and seems to be unbiased in his approach. He targets college students, those interested in voting, and it is written for scholars. His footnotes demonstrate the amount of resources that he used and I will look through his footnotes to see if I can find anything else that I could research that is relevant to my paper topic. Overall, this author provided me with a great deal of information that I will be able to use in order to support other articles that I have also read.

Cain, Bruce E., and Ken M. McCue. "The Efficacy of Registration Drives." The Journal of Politics 47.4 (1985): 1221-30. JSTOR. Mortola Library, Pace University.

8 Nov. 2005 <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-3816%28198511%2947%3A4%3C1221%3ATEORD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y>.

I found this journal article through the Pace library database JSTOR. I went to JSTOR and searched for "Technology for Voter registration". This was the first article that came up and was 100% compatible with the keywords I searched for. The article tells of how a LA county deals with the registration issues and how it can be helped. It also gives many statistics that will be very useful in our final project. It gives percentages of voter turnouts and what party they belonged to. I believe that the article is valid because I found it through JSTOR, which only holds scholarly articles. The article and authors were found in The Journal of Politics, which is a very legit and valid journal.

Ciampu, Mark. Security Awareness: Applying Practical Security in Your World.

Boston.: Thompson Course Technology, 2004.

We used this book in our CIS101 class during the Fall 2005 semester.

This book is a great source for people who are not well-informed of how to keep your computer secure. The book discusses such things as viruses, worms, trojans, firewalls, anti-virus software, and other topics. The book is a great source to show how insecure the internet is, and how voting should not be performed online because of these insecurities.

Dubin, Jeffrey A., and Gretchen A. Kalsow. "Comparing Absentee and Precinct Voters: A View over Time." Political Behavior 18.4 (1996): 369-73. JSTOR. Mortola Library, Pace University. 18 Oct. 2005 <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-9320%28199612%2918%3A4%3C369%3ACAAPVA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J>.

I found this once again in the Pace Library Database JSTOR. I searched the same keywords as before, which were "voting and technology". This article is about the controversyand history of the absentee votes in California over the last thirty years. This is a subject that we are learning about in class through the books Mezonic Agenda and Point, Click, & Vote America is trying to find a full-proof way to count and make sure all absentee votes are valid. Technology is supposedly going to be the answer. We could use this material in the website as well as our knowledge on the subject from the books for our paper. The author of the article is valid, because once again it is located in a top magazine and a very scholarly article.

Federal Election Commission. "Voter Turnout Statistics." 20 Sept. 2005 <http://www.fec.gov/pages/tonote.htm>.

I located this source through the search engine Google. I put in "history of voter registration" as the keywords. These statistics will help us drastically in showing how many

people in this country and in each state actually vote. The website and source seemed to be written and approved by the Federal Election Commission, so I believe the source is very valid. This will work in very well with the rest of our project since one of our main points is going to be showing everyone how important voting is, and how many people refuse to do it. So the statistics will be perfect for this.

Green, Phil. "Elections and Technology." Administration and Cost of Elections Project. Dec. 10 2003. Feb. 4, 2002. <http://www.aceproject.org/main/english/et/et10.htm>

I located this internet source through the search engine Google. I used the keywords

"voter registration AND technology". I believe that this will be a helpful source in my final

research paper. This website tells why technology is an easy way to go for election purposes. It also gives helpful hints in how to implement technology into the elections and how to keep it secure. I find the author of this website to be a legit source. He provides many websites and links about this topic, which concerns technology and voting, and seems to be an intellectual person. They also give their own personal definition of technology which we could compare our definition to in our research paper.

Green, Phil. "Using Technology for Voter Registration." 10 Oct. 2000. 20 Sept.   2005 <http://www.aceproject.org/main/english/et/etl.htm>.

For this source I once again used the Google search engine. This time I entered in "Voter registration technology" for the keywords. This source will help our project by giving us some of necessary types of technology that people are trying to use in order to help make voter registration easier. This topic will get covered a lot throughout our project seeing that it is one of the main parts of the assignment. I believe that the author of this article is valid seeing that he has many valid links and intellectual comments on his site. This source will also be very helpful in our project since part of the assignment is to actually find the new technology for voter

registration and I seem to have found a good site for that.

Oliver, Eric J. "The Effects of Eligibility Restrictions and Party Turnout on Absentee Voting and Overall Turnout." American Journal of Political Science 40 (1996): 498-513.

JSTOR. Mortola Library, Pace University, Pleasantville Campus, Pleasantville, NY. 10 Nov. 2005 <http://www.jstor.com>.

I discovered this site after searching “party turnout and voting” in JSTOR in Mortola Library. This article correlates to the topic that I am researching and the author’s credentials prove that all the information presented in the article is true or defended. The site is about restrictions on voting in the United States, as well as the ways that turnout is effected by voter registration and the ages of those voting. This article covers many aspects of the topic that I am researching and, because of this, I found this site very useful. His footnotes demonstrate how in-depth he went to find his information and how many sources he had used.

Rhine, Staci L. "An Analysis of the Impact of Registration Factors on Turnout in 1992." Political Behavior 18.2(1996): 171-185

I was able to find this source through the library databases. I went to the Pace Library Homepage and was able to access the databases from there. I went to the database "JSTOR".

From here, I typed in the keyword search for "voter registration", and this article was one of many to come up. The article tells about President Clinton's National Voter Registration Act of 1993. This act had a positive effect on the turnout for the next election. I believe this will help us a lot in our paper, seeing that voter turnout was affected by this. It also contains many things about how voter registration was changed. This change improved the voter turnout numbers and made voter registration a lot easier for all people.

Shocket, Peter A., Neil R. Heighburger, and Clyde Brown. "The Effect of Voting Technology on Voting Behavior in a Simulated Multi-Candidate City Council Election:

A Political Experiment of Ballot Transparency ." The Western Political Quarterly 45.2 (1992): 521-27. JSTOR. Mortola Library, Pace University. 18 Oct. 2005<http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=00434078%28199206%2945%3A2%3C521%3ATEOVTO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1>.

I located this article through the Pace University Library database. I used JSTOR to locate this article from there. I searched for "voting and technology" and this was the first source

to come up. This article will be a great source for our research paper later. It tells about voting at the beginning of time and how it was done up until now. The article is very valid seeing that it came from JSTOR where there are only scholarly articles from top magazines. We will be able to use this article a lot during our paper and give us a look at how voting technology has developed over the years.

Smithstein, Carol I. "Why Bother to Vote at All?" Why Voting is Important. 07 Nov. 2005 <http://www.timbuk3.com/essay1.htm>.

I found this site by searching the internet using Google’s search engine. I used the keywords “voting importance” and “why vote”. The site lists many pieces of information that would support my research project. Although the site looks more like a forum to post comments on essays, the author’s credentials proved that she was not only knowledgeable in the field of voting, but her information was valid. The essay that she wrote provided links to statistics and graphs on voting, as well as provided a great explanation of the reasons to vote.

Solop, Frederic I. “Digital Democracy Comes of Age: Internet Voting and the 2000 Arizona Democratic Primary Election” PS: Political Science and Politics. 34 (Jun. 2001), 289-293. JSTOR. Mortola Library, Pace University, Pleasantville, N.Y. 15 October 2005. <http://links.jstor.org>.

This article was discovered in the database for the library as well and will be very useful. This article is clearly a credible source and it directly relates to the coming of the electronic voting phenomenon that is becoming apparent in our democracy. I will almost certainly be using this article in my project because it gives a clear cut example of internet voting in action.

Songini, Marc L. “E-voting Grows Without Consensus” ComputerWorld 39 (2005) Academic Search Premier. EBSCO Host. Mortola Library, Pace University,

Pleasantville, New York. October 2005 <http://web17.epnet.com>

I found this article by searching in the Academic Search Premier database using the search term “E-voting”. This article, while not being scholarly, does provide some very basic facts of how E-voting is not ready to be implemented in American democracy. It cites the Government Accountability Office’s report on E-voting, which states that e-voting system continue to suffer, “design flaws, poor security management, incorrect configuration, inadequate version controls, security flaws that could encourage hacking, ballots and audit logs that could be modified, and lack of widespread government certification of systems. This article is a very basic source, and could prove to be beneficial for our paper on voting technology.