Practice Problems
Prof. P.V. Viswanath

Financial Statement Analysis


Short Questions:

  1. From a financial analyst's point of view, Research and Development expenses of a pharmaceutical firm should be amortized over a longer period than those of a software firm.  Why?

  2. Assume that all of the debt on your books was borrowed three years ago, when the treasury bond rate was 7% and you were borrowing at 7.5%.  If the treasury bond rate today is 6%, and you are a riskier firm than you used to be, will the market value of your debt be greater than or less than your book value?  Explain.

  3. What is the balance sheet and what is its purpose?

  4. What is the income statement and what is its purpose?

  5. What is the Statement of Cash Flows and what is its purpose?

  6. What are some examples of intangible assets?  Why is it important to consider intangible assets separately, from the point of view of a financial analyst?

  7. How would you value assets-in-place?

  8. How would you value growth assets?

  9. What is the difference between purchase accounting and pooling accounting?

  10. When is an obligation recognized as a liability according to GAAP?

  11. What is the difference between a capital lease and an operating lease?

  12. How would you categorize financing into debt and equity?  How would you deal with convertible debt?

Definitions:

  1. Free Cash Flow to Equity
  2. Deferred Tax Asset
  3. Call market
  4. Assets-in-place
  5. Growth Assets
  6. Intangible assets
  7. FIFO
  8. LIFO
  9. Marking to Market
  10. Capital Lease
  11. Operating Lease
  12. Treasury Stock

Problem 1.a. (Fall 1999) Appended is the balance sheet for AOL, Inc. for the last two years, with a template for the computation of cashflows.  Use this to prepare a Statement of Cash Flows for the year ending June 30, 1999, and reconcile beginning cash with ending cash.
Note: AOL pays no dividends.
Hint: remember that ending cash must work out to $887, as in the balance sheet, else you’ve made a mistake.

b.      How is AOL financing its investments?

c.       If you were a supplier to AOL, would you feel comfortable continuing trade relations with AOL?  Or would you want to stop dealing with it?  Why or why not?

Balance Sheet

 

 

 

Outflows

(In millions, except share data)

6/30/99

6/30/98

Change

Operating

Investing

Financing

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

887

677

210

 

 

 

Short-term investments

537

146

391

 

 

 

Trade accounts receivable

323

192

131

 

 

 

Other receivables

79

93

-14

 

 

 

Prepd expenses & oth current assets

153

155

-2

 

 

 

Total current assets

$1,979

$1,263

716

 

 

 

Property and equipment at cost, net

657

503

154

 

 

 

Investments incl av-for-sale secs

2,151

531

1620

 

 

 

Product development costs, net

100

88

12

 

 

 

Goodwill, other intangible assets, net

454

472

-18

 

 

 

Other assets

7

17

-10

 

 

 

Total Assets

$5,348

$2,874

2474

 

 

 

LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade accounts payable

74

120

-46

 

 

 

Oth accrued expenses and liabilities

795

461

334

 

 

 

Deferred revenue

646

420

226

 

 

 

Accrued personnel costs

134

78

56

 

 

 

Deferred network services credit

76

76

0

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

$1,725

$1,155

570

 

 

 

Long-term liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Notes payable

348

372

-24

 

 

 

Deferred revenue

30

71

-41

 

 

 

Other liabilities

15

7

8

 

 

 

Deferred network services credit

197

273

-76

 

 

 

Total liabilities

$2,315

$1,878

437

 

 

 

Stockholders' equity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, $.01 par value

11

10

1

 

 

 

Additional paid-in capital

2,703

1,431

1272

 

 

 

Unrealized gain on av-for-sale secs

168

145

23

 

 

 

Retained earnings

151

-590

741

 

 

 

Total stockholders' equity

$3,033

$996

2037

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

5,348

2,874

2474

 

 

 

 

Problem 2 (Spring 1999): Here are the balance sheet and income statement for Suprema, Inc. for 1996 and 1997:

Data in ’000s of dollars 1996 1997 Change
Assets      
Current assets:      
Cash 12 0 -12
Marketable Securities 18 0 -18
Accounts receivable - net 68 73 5
Notes receivable 30 50 20
Inventories 131 138 7
Prepaid expenses 12 14 2
Total current assets 271 275 4
Fixed Assets:      
Land 25 25 0
Plant and equipment 268 306 38
Less: Accumulated depreciation 157 183 26
Net plant and equipment 111 123 12
Total fixed assets 136 148 12
Total assets 407 423 16
       
Liabilities and Net Worth      
Current liabilities:      
Bank overdraft 0 4 4
Accounts payable 73 97 24
Notes payable 100 70 -30
Accrued expenses 13 22 9
Deferred income taxes 25 27 2
Total current liabilities 211 220 9
Long-term liabilities:      
Secured notes payable 40 20 -20
Net Worth:      
Preferred stock 35 39 4
Common Stock and Capital surplus 100 120 20
Retained earnings 21 24 3
Total net worth 156 183 27
Total liabilities and net worth 407 423 16

Income Statement (in ’000s):

  1996 1997
Sales 1115 1240
Cost of goods sold:    
Material 312 345
Labor 274 341
Depreciation 24 26
Overhead 158 210
Cost of good sold 768 922
Gross profit 347 318
Expenses:    
Selling and administrative expenses 268 297
Interest on debt 9 7
Total Expenses 277 304
Profit before taxes 70 14
Income taxes 32 5
Net Income 38 9

Additional Information:

Prepare the Statement of Cash Flows for Suprema for the year 1997, and reconcile beginning cash with ending cash (Hint: remember that ending cash must work out to $0, as in the balance sheet, else you’ve made a mistake.)

 

Problem 3 (Spring 1999): You have the following financial statements for CMP Media, Inc. for the years 1996 and 1997.  Construct a statement of cash flows for 1997 that will allow you to reconcile the change in cash from end-of-year 1996 to end-of-year 1997.

 Income Statement 

   

 

1996

1997

Net Sales

900,893.00

990,982.30

Cost of Goods Sold (excluding depreciation)

709,000.00

781,100.00

Depreciation

31,500.00

32,200.00

Gross Margin

160,393.00

177,682.30

Expenses

 

 

      Selling Expenses

82,912.20

89,545.18

      General and Administrative Expenses

30,104.43

33,415.92

      Other Expenses

22,200.00

25,000.00

      Interest on debt

9,700.00

14,300.00

Total Expenses

144,916.63

162,261.09

Profit (loss) before taxes

15,476.37

15,421.21

Federal Income Tax

6,500.08

6,476.91

Net income (loss)

8,976.29

8,944.30

 Balance Sheet 

Assets

 

Liabilities and net worth

 

1996

1997

 

 

1996

1997

Current Assets

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

Cash

39,700.00

27,500.00

 

Accounts payable

71,200.00

83,000.00

Marketable securities

1,000.00

11,000.00

 

Notes payable

50,000.00

140,000.00

Accounts Receivable

81,500.00

72,700.00

 

Accrued Expenses

33,400.00

36,300.00

Inventories

181,300.00

242,000.00

 

Total current liabilities

154,600.00

259,300.00

Total current assets

303,500.00

353,200.00

 

Long-term debt:

 

 

Fixed Assets:

 

 

 

Mortgage payable

106,000.00

90,800.00

Land

112,000.00

112,000.00

 

Net worth:

 

 

Plant & equipment (net)

445,200.00

464,800.00

 

Common stock

225,000.00

230,000.00

Total fixed assets

557,200.00

576,800.00

 

Retained earnings

388,400.00

371,400.00

Other assets

13,300.00

21,500.00

 

Total Net Worth

613,400.00

601,400.00

Total assets

874,000.00

951,500.00

 

Total Liabilities and Net Worth

874,000.00

951,500.00

 Dividends paid in 1996 were $20,000, while dividends paid in 1997 were $25,944.30 

Notes: No common stock was repurchased during this period
           
No plant and equipment was sold during this period

 

Problem 4


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